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OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents in S henfu injection and the anti-inflammatory activities of its polyacetylene compounds. METHODS Shenfu injection was separated and purified by macroporous adsorption resin ，medium pressure liquid chromatography ，preparative thin layer chromatography and reversed-phase semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography，and the compound structure was identified according to the physicochemical properties and spectral data. RAW 264.7 cell inflammation model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of polyacetylene compounds . The effects of active polyacetylene compounds on the expressions of cyclooxygenase- 2（COX-2）protein were evaluated by Western blot assay. RESULTS Twelves compounds were isolated and identified from Shenfu injection ，including 8 ginsenoside compounds ，i.e. ginsenoside Rg 1（1），ginsenoside Re （2），ginsenoside Rb 1（3），ginsenoside Rk 1（4），20（R）-ginsenoside Rh 1（5），20（S）-ginsenoside Rg3 （6），notoginsenoside R 1（7），panaxatriol（8）；4 polyacetylene compounds ，i.e.（3R，9R，10R）-panaxytriol（9），panaxydol（10）， heptadeca-1，8-dien-4，6-diyne-3，10-diol（11）and panaxynol （12）. Among 4 polyacetylene compounds ，only compound 10 had anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 10 was not toxic to normal RAW 264.7 cells；when the concentration of compound 10 ranged 12.5-50.0 μmol/L，it could significantly reverse the lipopolysaccharide-induced NO content increase in cell supernatant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；when the concentration of co mpound 10 was 50.0 μmol/L，it could significantly reverse the lipopolysaccharide-induced protein expression increase of COX- 2 in cells （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Compounds 4，7，10-12 are identified and reported in Shenfu injection for the first time ，and panaxydol possesses a certain anti-inflammatory effect.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish an HPLC fing erprint of Ginsen g Radix et Rhizoma Rubra ，and to optimize its processing technology. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Waters SymmetryShield TM RP18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃，and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. Using ginsenoside Rb1 as reference peak ，HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra was established. The similarity of them was evaluated by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint （2012 A edition ） to confirm common peak. With steaming temperature，time and drying method as factors ，using the content of ginsenoside and fingerprint similarity as index ，the processing technology was optimized with L 16（43）orthogonal test design and verified. Cluster analysis was conducted with SPSS 19.0 statistical software of 10 batches of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra and 3 batches of optimal processed sample. RESULTS ：There were a total of 13 common peaks in the fingerprints of 10 batches of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra. The similarity was more than 0.920；3 common peaks were identified ，such as ginsenoside Rg 1，ginsenoside Re ，ginsenoside Rb 1. The optimal processing technology included that steamed at 100 ℃ for 150 min，dried at 60 ℃. The results of validation test show that the contents of ginsenoside Rg 1，Re and Rb 1 were 0.26％-0.29％，0.17％-0.20％，0.47％-0.54％，and the similarity between 3 batches of Ginseng Radix et Rhizome Rubra optimal processed sample and the control fingerprints was more than 0.970. The results of cluster analysis showed that 10 batches of Gimseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra and 3 batches of optimal processed sample could be clustered into two categories；HS3-HS10 could be clustered into one category ，and 3 batches of optimal processed sample ，HS1 and HS 2 be clustered into one category. CONCLUSIONS ：Established fingerprint can be used for the optimization of processing technology of Gimseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra ，and characterize the correlation between f luctuation of technology parameter and quality of medicinal material；the optimal processing technology is reasonable an d
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Objective To explore the breakthrough points of pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists for patients with heat stroke .Methods Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of patients with heat stroke ,focused on the key points of effective treatment of heat stroke ,and put forward some suggestions for reasonable drug use from the aspects of active brain protection ,correction of coagulation disorders ,protection of multiple organ function and effective infection control .Results The potential drug side effects were minimized ,the medication safety and the therapeutic outcome were optimized .Conclusion Clinical pharmacists improved clinical rational drug use by actively participating in the treatment of heat stroke with drug therapy .
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of the compatibilities of ginsenosides Rg1 and aconitine on myocar-dial cell of in vitro cultured heart failure model. METHODS:The myocardial cells of neonate rat were grouped into normal control group,model group,positive control group(Deslanoside injection,1×10-7 mol/L),ginsenosides Rg1 group(1×10-8 mol/L),acon-itine group (1 × 10-9 mol/L) or their compatibilities groups (1∶1,2∶1,1∶2,V/V). Except for normal control group,other groups were given 0.8%pentobarbital sodium to induce heart failure model of myocardial cells. After modeling,each group was given rele-vant medicine for 1 h,and then the activities of T-ATPase,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase,Na+-K+-ATPase in cells were all detected. The activi-ties of acyl carrier protein(ACP)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and the contents of brain natriuretic party(BNP),TNF-α and total glycogen were measured in cell culture fluid. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group, T-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities were decreased significantly in model group;meanwhile,Na+-K+-ATPase activity was increased signifi-cantly,and ACP,LDH activities and BNP content in cell culture fluid were increased significantly(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Compatibility of ginsenosides Rg1 and aconitine can improve ATPase activities and membranous permeability,regulate BNP secretion and protect myocardial cell of heart failure model,especially the compatibility of ginsenosides Rg1 to aconitine of 2∶1 ratio.
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To explore the stability of Shenkang injection respectively in five different solutions to choose the best com-patibility program and improve the rational drug use. Methods:The pH value, insoluble particles and the content of protocatechuic al-dehyde in Shenkang injection were determined after mixed with five solutions. Results:In the 6-hour mixing, the change order of proto-catechuic aldehyde content was 0. 9% sodium chloride injection> 5% fructose injection> 10% invert sugar injection > 5% dextrose injection> 10% glucose injection, especially in 0. 9% sodium chloride injection, the content was decreased by 20%. The number of insoluble particles was increased after the 2-hour mixing except in 10% invert sugar injection solution, and the increase in the four so-lutions was beyond the requirement in the 2010 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the number of insoluble particles in 0. 9% sodi-um chloride injection was the highest with the fastest change. During the experimental process, the pH value was stable. Conclusion:The five solutions show influence on stability of Shenkang injection in varying degrees. Shenkang injection in 0. 9% sodium chloride in-jection is the least stable, which should be used with caution in clinics, while invert sugar injection and glucose injection can be the best choice for Shenkang injection and the mixed solution should be used up in 2h.
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Purpose To investigate the protein expression of breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1) in triple negative breast canc-er ( TNBC) and to analyze the prognostic impact on outcome of TNBC by BRCA1 protein. Methods The expression of BRCA1 and p53 in 95 cases TNBCs was detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation analysis and evaluation of prognosis were conducted in consideration of patients clinical and pathological characteristics. Results The positive rate of BRCA1 protein expression in TNBCs was 31. 6%. Compared with BRCA1 negative expression, those patients with BRCA1 positive expression were associated with younger age (P=0. 047) and higher expression of p53 (P=0. 001). There was no significant difference in outcome between BRCA1 positive and negative expression (HR=1. 10,95%CI=0. 552~2. 235, P=0. 769). Conclusion The expression of BRCA1 protein may have no impact on the outcome of TNBC. There is possible correlationship between p53 pathway and BRCA1 in inhibiting tumor growth.
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Objective:To establish the determination method for ATP, ADP and AMP in the myocardial tissue of rats and research the changes of ATP, ADP and AMP in heart fallure rats. Methods: A Thermo Hypersil C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column was used. The solution of 0. 68% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0. 116% soduim hydroxide was applied as the mobilie phase; The detection wavelength was at 254 nm. The SD rats randomly divided into 2 groups received saline and adriamycin by intraperitoneal in-jection for 6 weeks, respectively. The heart tissue was withdrawn for homogenate. The contents of ATP, ADP and AMP in rat heart tis-sue were determined by HPLC. Results:The calibration curves were linear from 0. 625μg·ml-1 to 40μg·ml-1 for ATP, ADP and AMP. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0. 625μg·ml-1(r>0. 99). The precision of RSD was less than 9. 50%. The accuracy was 93. 2%-108. 0%. The method stability (RSD) was from 3. 0% to 14. 0%. The content of ATP in heart fallure mod-el group induced by adriamycin was significantly lower than that in saline group,while that of ADP were much higher than that in saline group(P<0. 01) and AMP. Conclusion:The HPLC method for the content determination of ATP, ADP and AMP in myocardial tissue meets the requirements of the determination of biological samples, which can be used to study the effects of anthracycline-based antitu-mor drugs in heart fallure rats.
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Objective:To analyze the drug use of a patient with intestinal obstruction induced by high dose of morphine to explore the role of clinical pharmacists during the therapeutic process. Methods:The dose titration of morphine, choice of analgesic drugs and dose conversion were adjusted by doctors and pharmacists using NRS scores of dynamic assessment for the patient. The pharmaceutical care was implemented for the patient induced by high dose of morphine. Results:The pharmaceutical supervision by clinical pharma-cists improved medication compliance of the patient. After fentanyl patches were used to replace morphine, the intestinal obstruction was relieved in the patient and the quality of life was improved. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacist can promote the rational use of opi-oids for patients with intestinal obstruction. The successful treatment of the patient with intestinal obstruction provides the reference for patients with intractable pain treated by opioids.